» Puberty Start

Puberty typically begins for most girls and boys, and that timing can vary from person to person.

» How Puberty Begins

Hormones from the brain signal the body to start puberty. These hormones trigger changes in growth, skin, and body hair. They also prepare the body for reproduction.

» Physical Changes

During puberty, the body goes through many changes like hair growth, voice changes, and genital development. 

» Emotional Changes

Hormones can affect emotions, causing mood swings and stronger feelings. Teens may feel more self-conscious about their appearance or relationships. It affirms that these experiences are normal.

» Sleep patterns

Sleep patterns may start to change; most of the teenagers stay awake later at night and sleep until later in the day. 

    Circumcision is a surgical procedure that removes the foreskin, the skin covering the tip of the penis. It’s most commonly done on newborn boys but can be performed at any age.

Why it's done?

» Cultural or religious reasons - Many families choose it for tradition.

» Hygiene - It can make cleaning the penis simpler.

» Medical reasons - Sometimes the foreskin is too tight to retract (phimosis) or causes inflammation.

» Risk reduction - In certain areas or situations, it may lower the risk of HIV or other conditions.

What health benefits of circumcision are there to males?

» Easier to keep the penis clean, which can help prevent infections.

» Lower risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs)

» May lower the risk of some sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

» Helps prevent penile problems like phimosis and inflammation.

» Penile cancer is rare but occurs less often in circumcised males, and female partners may have a lower risk of cervical cancer.

    The menstrual cycle is the monthly process your body goes through to get ready for a possible pregnancy. It starts on the first day of your period and continues until the first day of your next one. Most menstrual cycles fall within a range of 24 to 38 days. 

     Some people feel symptoms before or during their period, while others don’t. The most common symptom is cramps, which happen as the uterus contracts to shed its lining.

Other possible signs include:

» Mood swings

» Difficulty sleeping

»Headaches

» Cravings for certain foods

» Bloating

» Sore or tender breasts

» Acne

     Abnormal menstruation means your period is different from what’s typically expected. Irregular periods can look like having cycles that are too close together or far apart, missing several periods in a row, bleeding that’s much heavier or lighter than usual, bleeding between periods, or periods that last over a week.

     When your period doesn’t come on time, this is usually called late menstruation. A normal cycle is often about 28–30 days, and it’s generally considered late if it goes past about 35 days without a period. There are several reasons your period might be late even if you’re not pregnant. These include things like stress, sudden weight gain or loss, changes in your lifestyle, breastfeeding, or approaching menopause. Occasionally missing or late periods isn’t usually a big concern if it only happens once or twice, but if it keeps happening often, it’s a good idea to check with a healthcare provider.

» A delay of up to 3 days is usually not a concern

» A delay of up to 7 days may still be considered normal

» A delay of 15 days or longer, excluding pregnancy, is considered abnormal

  Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects females of reproductive age. It happens when the ovaries produce higher-than-normal levels of male hormones (androgens), which can interfere with ovulation. 

According to the World Health Organization, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) often begins during adolescence, when hormonal changes first occur in puberty. It can cause irregular or missed menstrual periods because ovulation does not happen regularly. Teenagers with PCOS may also experience acne, weight gain, or increased hair growth due to higher levels of androgens (male-type hormones).